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Welcome to Stuff You Missed in History Class A production of I Heart Radio. Hello and welcome to the podcast, I'm Holly Fry. And I'm Tracey Wilson. Tracy, it's almost Halloween.

I know it's the best week of the year. So this seems like a really good time to talk about sort of a version of something that I think we've been tiptoeing around for a while, which is dogs, civically demon dogs. I swear. I do want to do a domestication of dogs episode at some point, but there's a lot and they're constantly finding new things. So I keep getting scared off. Yeah. In a weird coincidence this morning, I tweeted something about how basically meeting to do an episode about something lighter, even though my episodes lately have been pretty fun just because there's a lot of stress and chaos happening in the world right now.

And somebody replied that maybe we could do a history of puppies. And I'm like, this is almost that kind of and right. I want to acknowledge that for some people, dogs are just scary. Not everybody likes dogs, but there's a reason for that. Right? This is a fear that has been part of many cultures for centuries, including dogs from the netherworld which go all the way back to the three headed Cerberus, who guarded the gates of the underworld in Greek mythology.

But today, as we inch closer to Halloween, I thought it would be fun to talk about three of the many, many supernatural canines and hellhounds that have lengthy histories in our collective storytelling. In the first two of these are very closely related. They're both based in England and really the second of the makes up the bulk of the episode. Now, the last one is a North American creature and it's just incredibly charming and fun, in my opinion.

It's a little bit thematically different than the other two, but I thought it would be a good upbeat place to land, particularly. You know, these are fraught times. It's been a rough year. I love Halloween and creepiness and being scared as much as anyone. But gosh, it's also great to laugh if we can. So we'll try for a little bit of that. And there are, of course, loads more demon dog myths throughout the world.

So odds are really, really good that this is the start of a perhaps a Halloween series. And next Halloween will do more and perhaps more geographically and culturally varied. I have a list started already for them, and if you have stuff you want to send us, you can do it. But right now we're going to talk about some hellhounds.

Sounds like a potential Halloween version of Krampus in Friends, which has been a, you know, winter holiday staple. That is kind of the thinking. Nice. So first up is the bar guest. This is a dog that is part of northern England folklore tradition and is normally associated with Yorkshire, sometimes described as a goblin or a ghost.

And I wanted to mention the Vargus in part because of an interesting coincidence that happened recently on the show. So I was already working on this episode for a while. And when I started working on our recent Bram Stoker episode, I had already been kind of doing prelim work on this. And then unexpectedly, the bar guest showed up while I was doing Bram Stoker research. In that episode, we mentioned that a ship that had run aground near Whitby had served as the inspiration for the ship that transported Dracula from Transylvania to London.

And one of the details which we mentioned that was shared by locals with Bram Stoker when he was doing his research, was that a black dog had emerged from the hold of the wrecked ship and run off. And that dog was believed by some people in the community to have been the bar guest.

So the bar guest is described as a huge dog and its teeth are large and prominent. There are a couple of things that set him apart from another so-called hellhounds that we are about to talk about. Our guest is not always described as being black. Sometimes he's grey. But beyond that, this dog sometimes is described as a shapeshifter, including sometimes appearing headless. If you see a bar guest, that means you are going to die soon. If you only catch a glimpse of it, your death might take a little longer to arrive.

Yeah, I feel like this would create a whole community of people that hear dog noise and clamp their eyes shut. But in terms of the written record, a lot of the more persistent qualities of the biggest story and its legend seem to come from the book notes on the folklore of the northern counties of England and the Borders. That book was written by William Henderson in 1879.

And in this collection of folk tales that he kind of gathered oral recollection from people and wrote it down. Henderson shares more details about the guest as a harbinger of death.

So he writes, quote, On the death of any person of local importance in the neighborhood, the creature would come forth, a large black dog with flaming eyes as big as saucers, followed by all the dogs of the place howling and barking. If anyone came its way, the biggest would strike out with its paw and inflict on man or beast a wound which would never heal Mianne. Form it, a Yorkshire gentleman, lately deceased, said he perfectly remembered the terror he experienced when he was a child, that beholding this procession before the death of a certain Squire Wade of Newgrange.

Henderson also put in writing some details about the biggest shapeshifting that have persisted. Writing, quote, A friend informs me that glass Zakes near Darlington is haunted by a bar guest, which assumes at will the form of a headless man who disappears in flame, a headless lady, a white cat, rabbit or dog or a black dog.

So many things. The guests can be whatever it wants.

The Barcus legend is popular enough that you might have bumped into it before. If you've read Roald Dahl's The Witches or played the Witch or Video Game or Forgotten Realms or Dungeons and Dragons or engaged with any number of other entertainment options, you might have crossed paths with mentions of it.

Yeah, I think it comes up in the Lord of the Rings game online, and I know Neil Gaiman has mentioned it like he the our guest is everywhere part of it's because it's just a fun word to say. But the biggest is also hardly the only hill dog of Great Britain. There have been many, many names for very similar beings. So there's the capitate trash striker or schrecker. You'll sometimes see there's the Welsh Cunanan and the Isle of Man's mounted dog.

But perhaps the most famous alternate to the biggest name is the iteration of this English hellhound that we are going to talk about next. And who actually started this episode because I love saying this name Black Shuk.

Yes. So in 1977, Abraham Fleming wrote an account of an event at the Paris Church on a town near Norwich that created a version of this English legend that still persists until today. That account was titled And Just Buckle Up, because this is one of the one of the one of the one of the titles we loved so much.

The title was a strange and terrible wonder, wrought very late in the Paris church of Bungay, a town of no great distance from the city of Norwich, namely the fourth of this August in the year of our Lord 1077, in a great tempest of violent rain, lightning and thunder, the like whereof have been seldom seen with the appearance of and horrible shaped things sensibly perceived of the people then and their assembled drawn into a plain method, according to the written copy by Abraham Fleming.

In addition to the length art, just all the delightful spellings I. I even cleaned that up a little bit to make it easier. We've talked we did our whole episode about, you know, grammar and spelling and how things evolve. And this is a case where Fleming had his own flourish, particularly when it came to vowels. There's actually some comparative writing in other pieces where people are trying to figure out if it's Fleming and they start talking about how he kind of does the same weird spelling here.

This might be the same, right, because those things were not codified yet. So this pamphlet with that incredibly long name actually tells the tale of two appearances of a large black dog. The first is at St Mary's Church in Bungay on a day during services when there was an intense thunderstorm. And in the pamphlet, it is written that the whole church was so dark in Yae with such palpable darkness that one person could not perceive another. Then during this storm there, quote, appeared in a most horrible similitude and likeness, a dark of a black colour.

This dog, according to Fleming's story, was so terrifying that it made the parishioners think that doomsday had arrived. The dog ran between two people who were praying and wrung both of their necks. It killed them while they were praying. The dog also bit another man leaving scorch marks. That man survived.

The steeple of the church was struck by lightning and the mysterious dog disappeared, leaving behind only claw marks in the pavers and the door of the church. But this was, as we mentioned, only one church that experienced a terrifying canine visit that day.

The dog also appeared at Holy Trinity Church about seven miles away in a town called Bleiberg. Fleming described it this way, quote, The like thing interred in the same shape and similitude where placing himself on a main bulk or beam were on. Sometime the RWD did stand. Suddenly he gave a swing down through the church and there also, as before, SLU two men and a lad and burned the hand of another person that was among the rest of the company of whom diverse were blasted.

This mischief thus. He flew with wonderful force to not little fear of the assembly out of the church in a hideous and hellish likeness.

Yeah, so in both cases, giant, terrifying black dog arrives, kills a couple of people, injure some others and vanishes. And we're going to talk about the way that this story took on a life of its own in just a moment. But first, we will pause and have a sponsor break.

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We'll talk about the first time that name appears in writing in a moment. When Fleming wrote this account, he was an editor and publisher who went on to become an ordained minister. And this document, which has come to be known sort of casually as the Wonder Pamphlet, is just as much a sermon as it is a report of a dog attack. It includes passages early on in it about this whole thing being a warning not to stray from faith.

He wrote, quote, God warnings by signs from heaven, by fiery appearances from the air, by wonders wrought on earth, strange and unusual. There is also language in the pamphlet about how man has engaged in all manner of ungodly behaviors. And then it tells these dog stories and then it concludes with a prayer.

So this appears to be a scenario where Fleming is reporting these events based on news that someone else had relayed to him for when there's no way he could have been in both of those churches where the appearance has happened, one after the other for another. His first printing of the Wonder pamphlet and the detail of the church door being marked by the Beasts clause was attributed to the wrong location. And he corrected it later on in subsequent printings because Fleming later became a minister.

It seems that when people have referenced his work, there's been some timeline, confusion, and they characterize the writer as a clergyman who was working at one of these churches where it allegedly happened. He was not a clergyman at all. Yet at the time, definitely not one working at one of these churches.

No, he was publishing man living in London. What did happen, though, was that this pamphlet was put into circulation very soon after the thunderstorm of August 4th, 1777, which was a real thunderstorm that's documented. And it was a very popular pamphlet. It seems a lot of people believed those stories in it about the dog attacks and while still working in publishing. So before he became ordained, Fleming had the second part of this story published in The Hollinshead Chronicles, with one notable exception, which we'll talk about in just a moment.

So for context, Hollinshead Chronicles was a large collaborative history of the British Isles that was initiated as a project by Prenter Rainer Wolf in the late 1940s.

The multivolume work was first published in 1977. Then in 1787, a much expanded update was published under the stewardship of Abraham Fleming. So even a decade after this first writing, Fleming was still writing about that thunderstorm. Additionally, by this point, Fleming had plenty of clout. He was considered an expert on that particular storm. Hollinshead Chronicles was considered an important source of historical information, and it was famously used as a source by writers like Christopher Marlowe and William Shakespeare.

So you might think that the inclusion of the Black Dog story in this Chronicle is really going to cement it as sort of settled history at the time. But in fact, there is no mention of the dog in this account. So this is the version, as it appears in Holland sheds on Sunday, the 4th of August, between the hours of nine and 10 o'clock in the afternoon, whilst the minister was reading of the second lesson in the parish church of Bleiberg, a town in Suffolk, a strange and terrible tempest of lightning and thunder strike through the wall of the same church into the ground.

A yard deep drove down all the people on that side above 20 persons, then renting the wall up to the vestre left the door and returning to the steeple, rent the timber, break the chimes and fled toward Bungay, a town six miles off. The people that were stricken down were found groveling more than half an hour after where of one man more than 40 years and a boy of 15 years were found stark dead. The other were scorched the same or like flash of lightning and cracks of thunder that rent the parish church of Bungay, nine miles from Norwich, wrung asunder the wires and wheels of the clocks and slue two men which sat in the belfry when the other were at the procession of suffrages and scorched another, which hardly escaped.

So it's interesting that the deaths and injuries are mentioned here, but they're attributed simply to lightning strikes and not the sudden appearance of a hellish dog. And there are records that indicate that those deaths and injuries did in fact, happen. I mean, it's totally within the realm of possibility that if lightning strikes the steeple of a church, people inside may be killed. But there's just no reference at all to a dog causing them. So maybe the decision was made to remove that flourish of the hellish canine.

In later years and again going to the church records, there is a mention that there was a payment made to a professional dog, Whipper named John Hines, quote, for whipping dogs out of the church at prayer time on the day of the storm. This was actually a profession. People would bring their dogs and sometimes the dogs would get unruly and they would keep professional dog whippers on hand. This sounds horrible and I don't like it, but they would get the dogs out of the church so that the proceedings could go on.

So it's possible that the original write up of the story, again, probably relayed to Fleming by someone else, not witnessed by him, conflated some events that there was an unruly dog in the church that had to be forcibly removed and that separately, lightning strikes killed several people and injured others. Despite that change in the later version of the story that Fleming edited, the legend of the Suffolk appearances of the dog, which might have been a demon, was established and that story persisted.

So to be clear, this was certainly not the first account in England of a terrifying black dog that was characterized as supernatural dating back to sometime between the 11th and 12th centuries. The Anglo-Saxon Chronicle included the sighting by multiple witnesses of a pack of black dogs, quote, with eyes like saucers and horrible running through the woods. In this case, the dogs weren't alone, but they appeared to be on a hunt that was led by mysterious men.

Yes, that's another version of the story, these wild hunts. So the name Black Shelke first appeared in the hundreds. And then it seems to have been applied retroactively to a lot of these stories.

It first came up in writing by Reverend Taylor in 1850, and he wrote about it in the periodical notes and queries, quote, This Fantham, I have heard many persons in East Norfolk and even Cambridgeshire describe as having seen a black shaggy dog with fiery eyes and of immense size and who visits churchyards at midnight. One witness nearly fainted away at seeing it and on bringing his neighbors to see the place where he saw it, he found a large spot as if gunpowder had been exploded there.

A lane in the parish of Overstrained is said. It's called after him. Shucks Lane. The name appears to be a correction of Shaggs, as Shoki is the Norfolk dialect for Shaggy. Is not this a vestige of the German dog fiend?

The other frequently cited mention of Black Shuk is one that was written in 1941, and this time the legend kind of gets another upgrade. This go around in the form of black shucks appearance being important of death. Our guest had been associated with as a death porten. But this is where Black Shuk kind of comes in with that same that same association. This was written by William Dout in a book that was titled Highways and Byways in East Anglia. And this is kind of a lengthy excerpt.

So because I want to include all of the ways that that he kind of solidifies this legend. So Tracy and I are going to take turns with it. So it starts, quote, If this were a stormy night instead of a stormy day, the old fisherfolk of the coast would say it were just the time for black shuk to be abroad, for he revels in the roaring of the waves and loves to raise his awful voice above the howling of the gale.

He takes the form of a huge black dog and prowls along dark lanes and lonesome field footpaths where, although his howling makes the hearer's blood run cold, his footfalls make no sound such a great turn of phrase. This passage goes on. You may know him at once. Should you see him by his fiery eye? He has but one and that, like the Cyclops is in the middle of his head. But such an encounter might bring you the worst of luck.

It is said that to meet him is to be warned that your death will occur before the end of the year.

So this ends quote.

So you will do well to shut your eyes. If you hear him howling, shut them. Even if you were uncertain whether it is the dog fiend or the voice of the wind, you hear, should you never set eyes on our Norfolk snarl yell, you may perhaps doubt his existence. And like other learned folks, tell us that his story is nothing but the old Scandinavian myth of the black hound of Odin brought to us by the Vikings, who long ago settled down on the Norfolk coast.

Scoffers that black shuk there have been in plenty, but now and again, one of them has come home late on a dark, stormy night with terror written large on his ashen face. And after that night, he has scoffed no more.

Such a good little write up. As the years have gone on, things have kind of reached a point. Or at this point you could go to any number of towns and communities in England and find an assortment of location specific sightings of black shuk that are part of local lore. Just kind of scrolling around through the Internet. I found so many of. They are like, yes, black shark visits this one bridge in our town every fortnight or whatever, like every town seems to have some variation of it.

Coming up, we'll talk about some modern developments of the black shark legend. But first, we will hear from some of the sponsors that keep stuff you missed in history class going.

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Now, this news broke via the U.K. paper, The Daily Mail, which is known to publish some less than carefully vetted stories. On May 15th, 2014, it ran a story with the headline Is this the skeleton of legendary devil dog Black Schuch, who terrorized 16th century East Anglia folklore tells of seven foot hellhound with flaming eyes.

I was curious and I went to see if we had talked about this in the 2014 edition of Unearthed. We had not probably because I don't source unearthed from the Daily Mail. I checked as well. And I was I had the exact same thought process is like this would never show up in Tracey's notes. So this story leads the reader to the possibility that this archaeology team may have found the remains of this legendary hellhounds. It includes the following text. Quote, It was discovered a few miles from two churches where Black Sheck is said to have killed worshippers during an almighty thunderstorm in August 15 77.

What's more, it appears to have been buried in a shallow grave at precisely the same time as Shuk is said to have been on the loose primarily around Suffolk and the East Anglia region. This article then goes on to mention that testing of the remains will determine if they are indeed from the correct time period to ascertain whether it is the dog from Fleming's tail. And of course, this got picked up by other news outlets and it spread really, really quickly.

And it is fun to think about the possibility that there's physical evidence for something that has only been legend. But if you've ever wondered what happens to the archaeologists involved when a story like this breaks, here is your chance to find out. Brennan Wilkins, the project director at the group Dig Ventures that conducted the dig, wrote a post on the dig venture site about the experience and the sensationalism of the work that he and his team did in October. He wrote it in October.

Their team was doing work earlier, but the post that he wrote was published in October 2014.

So that post begins like this quote As I scan the headlines that fateful morning, I felt a chill go down my spine and my blood run cold. I read, reread, then read it again, shaking with disbelief as a terrifying and sinister thought began to emerge. They were talking about us. We were in the Daily Mail as an archaeological projects director. I pride myself on being on the right side of what's loftily known as the public understanding of science.

So reading about the, quote, seven foot hellhound with flaming eyes, we did apparently discover at Leiston Abbey knocked me for six. How on earth did this happen? How could we contain it?

And was this the end of any shred of archaeological credibility I would ever have was very illuminating to read is very honest account of his reaction that find, as he mentioned, happened at Leiston Abbey, which is a bit less than seven miles from the second church that was terrorized in the Flemyng account from 1077. Specifically, these remains were found while they were excavating what had once been a monastery kitchen building there. The dog's burial definitely postdated the monasteries use, although when that burial happened was unclear.

But in his post, Wilkins states that he never thought these were the bones of black shuk and that really the more exciting finds of archaeology are not in the dig, but in the analysis later. He then shares what he learned about this dog. It was seventy two centimetres tall at the shoulder. That's very roughly about two and a third feet. He compares it to the size of a Great Dane or a mastiff. And because the dog had worn teeth and an arthritic ankle, it appears to have lived for a long life.

They weren't able to conclusively date the sample. They got three different date ranges as possibilities, all of them. Well, after 1077, they were between 16, 50 and 69 B 1730 in 1810 or sometime after nineteen twenty. Wilkins writes that quote, Far from being the final resting place of a bloodthirsty hellhound, it was clear that our dog skeleton had been laid to rest with care and consideration. So the more likely scenario here is that it was a working dog that was essentially retired.

And unlike many working dogs, it was lovingly cared for long after this dog would have been able to do its job. Wilkins states things very plainly quote, Were these the bones of a seven foot hellhound with flaming eyes? Unequivocally, no. The dig venture may not have found the infamous Suffolk hellhound there. How? Been some efforts to track the black dogs, not just of England, but throughout Europe in 2015 as part of a project called Public Archaeology 2015.

Researcher Nick Stone started plotting out a map of the various sightings of black shuk, the biggest and other manifestations of this black dog myth.

The Public Archaeology 2015 project's mission was to, quote, undertake a year of public engagement, led equally by archaeologists and archaeologists aimed solely at the creation of public engagement with archaeology, where the definitions of all central terms remain open to debate for the duration of the project. So they didn't want to necessarily, like end up with a bunch of papers at the end, but they wanted to get people interested in how archaeology worked and how it could be something that everyone engages with.

So participants submitted proposals for projects 12 were chosen, six by non archaeologists and six by archaeologists. And this was one of those projects.

Stones Map is interactive. And when you click on one of the points, a pop up of the story linked to that spot appears he sorted the sightings by color with singular dogs represented with red, where creatures in blue shapeshifters that fall outside of the werewolf moon myth as purple and wild hunt dogs and dark green. So looking at this map, it does seem like the idea of the singular demon dog roaming the country is most popular in Britain and Ireland and other types spread throughout Europe.

It's very fun and that is based on oral history. It's not like doing the dig down of like, was this a plausible story?

I'm sure collected stories. Yeah. So our last entry, as we mentioned at the top of the episode, is a little bit of a departure from Black Shuk in the guest. And it is in southern Louisiana because Cajun culture has its own version of a scary kind of using air quotes. They are folklore canine figure. The Rugaru is similar to a werewolf usually depicted with a human body and a dog head.

And this name, of course, if you speak French or into folklore, probably sounds familiar, but not quite what you've heard before.

Yeah, that's because the French word for werewolf is new garu loop means, Wolf. And while the origins of the word garu may have suggested that it can change forms, most modern translations just punt it straight to werewolf. Even without the loop part in front of it, it is most likely that the story of the werewolf traveled with people from France and Acadia as they move south. And then over time and with usage, the L at the beginning of the word became an R.

At this point, both of these are considered acceptable in the area.

Yeah, you could hear it said either way, in the origin of the Rugaru, like so much folklore, has its roots in keeping people in line. And this has grown into a number of different legends to scare different groups of people with unpleasant consequences for inappropriate behavior. So possibly the oldest version of the Rugaru myth is related to Lente. The story goes that the Rugaru hunts down Catholics who don't observe Lent or who fall short in their promises to give up their vices.

During that time, according to Jonathan Ferrey, executive director of South Louisiana Wetlands Discovery Center, there's even a tale that if you fail in your LENTE observances for seven consecutive years, you will become a Rugaru yourself. And of course, a dog man from the swamps is the perfect figure to scare children into doing as they're told.

Bad behavior equals the Rugaru will come and eat you up. Adults and children both have also been encouraged to do right by the people in their community, lest they be coerced and turned into a Rugaru through magic. If that happens, the only way to fix it is to transfer that curse to someone else. And to do that, you would have to trick them into cutting you so that your Rugaru blood is drawn.

But here's why the Rugaru is more fun than scary. The best ways to avoid the Rugaru making a stop at your house. Other than good behavior, those always involve math. The Rugaru struggles with counting, but is also simultaneously compelled to do it. Cydia crops up and like vampire mythology sometimes also, apparently you can count to twelve, but not higher than twelve.

So if you leave thirteen pennies on your doorstep, he'll stop and try to count them before he comes in. But he'll get super perplexed as he tries to make sense of how many there are. So you can he will never enter the home because that 13th penny just throws the for loop. Just keep starting over. Yeah. It's like, wait, I didn't get this right one.

I love this story so much. If you don't want to stack pennies, you can also leave a colander out on your doorstep because apparently the Rugaru will try. So hard to count the holes in that calendar, but of course, he loses his place every time, not only are there too many, but there's like in a big circle and keep starting over until he just wanders off in frustration. It seems like maybe all of those decades of living in the swamp have given him some interesting peccadilloes and behaviors.

Yeah, I, I as far as I know, I am not a Rugaru, but I think I would become frustrated and wander off if I tried to count the holes in a calendar. I would be like, I need a Sharpie when a section is out. If you are as fascinated by the Rugaru as I am, you can also attend the annual Rugaru Fest that takes place every year in Houma, Louisiana, which is just a little bit southwest of New Orleans, where storytellers continue to pass on this story through oral tradition of the Rugaru and all proceeds from this festival go to the South Louisiana Wetlands Discovery Center.

It is normally the last week of October. So happening now, as we published this episode, although, of course this year in 2020, things have changed a bit due to the pandemic. So there are some fun online activities. And if you're in the area on Fridays, what they've been doing because it is Louisiana, there is delicious food at that festival normally. So they started doing a pop up, drive through food, pick up on Fridays of some of the goodies that you would normally get at the festival this Friday.

The 30th is your very last chance. If you are anywhere in the area, you can look up the info on their website, which is Rugaru Fest, dawg. That's r o u r o u fattig.

I have a friend who loves, loves, loves werewolf myth and legend and she and I are already plotting to attend this next year if it happens, because it sounds like the most fun time ever.

Yeah, I just I love it. I love that this is like a fun version of a werewolf story to, to end our ah, Halloween programming with because we all need a little more fun.

Think about that poor Rugaru counting. Part of me wants to bring him some flash cards and upgrade his knowledge.

Pass the Rugaru Sauveur listener mail.

I have a letter from our AH listener Eric who writes, I love the show and I have always especially enjoyed the episodes that come out near Halloween since your Terho episode came out right after the Bram Stoker one. I wondered if you had heard of the connection between Bram Stoker and Pamela Coleman Smith. Apparently they worked together at the Lyceum Theatre when he was stage manager and supposedly the artwork for her emperor card was based on his likeness in Henry Irving is supposedly represented on the Magician card.

I definitely look forward to an episode diving into Pamela Coleman Smith's life. I hope you're both well and have a wonderful Halloween. Sincerely, Eric. Eric, I did not stumble across that, but I'm sure going to look it up now. It's been kind of funny this Halloween season. I have accidentally had interlocking episodes at every turn. I did not do that on purpose. I did. They just keep like connecting to one another, which is kind of fun and bizarre.

But there you go. Like, I didn't think when I started doing Black Shuk that I would somehow find a reference to it in the Bram Stoker episode. Right. And that like Madame Blavatsky, I mean, it makes sense that she would overlap with our Terho episode, but I didn't really think about that ahead of time.

Yeah, just and I have several other pieces of inspiration for subjects that are kind of related from some of those. But those I recognise that their spin offs.

Right. Right. But there was just a lot of interlocking strangeness this time. It's apparently mysticism year where everything connects to everything. If you would like to write to us and point out any other mystical connections or otherwise, you could do that. If history podcast it, I heart radio dotcom. You can also find us on social media as missed in history. And if you would like to subscribe to the podcast, that would be great. And you can do that on the I Heart radio app and Apple podcasts or wherever it is you listen.

Stuff you missed in history class is the production of I Heart Radio for more podcasts from My Heart radio visit by her radio app Apple Podcasts or wherever you listen to your favorite shows. Feeling lost, then we've got the podcast for you, Laborites. I'm Amanda Knox and I am Christopher Robinson. I know what it's like to be absolutely stuck to wind up in a life I never expected.

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Listen to Labyrinths on the I Heart radio app, on Apple podcasts, or wherever you get your podcasts. Hi, I'm Ariel Tamra, and I'm hosting a new podcast called Vice News Reports, with so much going on around the world and so many people telling you they have the definitive take on the news, we bring you to the news so you can hear it for yourself from the NEWSROOM that has earned more Emmy nominations than any other news team.

This podcast goes where you can't forget your job, bringing you along to where it's all happening. So this is the third suspension for the rest of this evening. It's just the beginning of the night from conflict zones. Second is that there is no front line. These guys are just firing rockets from the car to the labyrinth of digital life.

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