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This is the Global News podcast from the BBC World Service. I'm James Cottonelle. And in the early hours of Sunday, the 27th of September, these are our main stories. President Trump has named a conservative judge, Amy CONI Barrett, as his choice for the U.S. Supreme Court following the death of the liberal Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg. Arrest warrants have been issued for members of Mexico's armed forces as the country marks the anniversary of the disappearance of dozens of students.

The Spanish government has appealed to authorities in Madrid to impose tougher measures to contain a rise in cases of covid-19.

Also in this podcast, the bottles of Saren will be photographed in the space station's observatory dive, which offers extraordinary views of Earth.

We hear about an unlikely link between NASA and a major cosmetics company.

President Trump has formally nominated the 48 year old conservative judge, Amy CONI Barrett, to fill the vacancy on the US Supreme Court. Mr. Trump appeared alongside the judge at the White House today.

It is my honor to nominate one of our nation's most brilliant and gifted legal minds to the Supreme Court. She is a woman of unparalleled achievement, towering intellect, sterling credentials and unyielding loyalty to the Constitution. Judge Amy CONI Barrett.

Then it was the turn of Judge Barrett to address the audience who are seated for the ceremony on the lawn of the White House.

Thank you very much, Mr. President. I am deeply honored by the confidence that you have placed in me, and I am so grateful to you and the first lady, to the vice president and the second lady and to so many others here for your kindness. And it's rather overwhelming occasion. I fully understand that this is a momentous decision for a president, and if the Senate does me the honor of confirming me, I pledge to discharge the responsibilities of this job to the very best of my ability.

I love the United States and I love the United States Constitution. Should I be confirmed, I will be mindful of who came before me. The flag of the United States is still flying at half staff in memory of Justice Ruth Bader Ginsburg to mark the end of a great American life.

Democrats in Congress have strongly objected to President Trump's move to appoint her before November's presidential election, if confirmed for the lifetime position. The law professor will consolidate a conservative majority in the country's top court, affecting rulings on abortion, health care and gun rights for decades to come. Judge Barret's views on things like abortion rights are very different to those of her predecessor. I asked our North America correspondent, Peter Bowes, how else do the two differ?

They differ in just about every area of policy, and that clearly isn't something that is lost on many observers of this process, not least the senators who will now be considering her position on the Supreme Court. The hearings will get under way in the next couple of weeks. And as she spoke at the White House, Amy Koney Burrow, she referred to the woman that she was replacing, Ruth Bader Ginsburg, and she described her as someone who broke glass ceilings.

Not only that, but she smashed them women, a woman of enormous talent and consequence, an example to all of us. So she is aware of the might and the importance of the the person that she is succeeding. But the very fact that they are so different in those areas of policies that you mentioned, especially issues of like abortion, gun rights and gun ownership, is another key issue that's certainly uppermost in the minds of many people, that she will represent a very different section of Americans if she is confirmed on the Supreme Court.

Do the Democrats who wish to stop such a confirmation have any chance of doing so?

It seems as if they have very little chance. They simply don't have the votes. The Republicans control the Senate by 53 to 47, and at the moment there are only two Republicans who have come forward to say that they don't think this should be happening before the November election. Now, that's not to say even that, having considered what they're about to hear from the nominee, that they wouldn't actually vote in favor of her. But they have said that they don't believe the process should be happening at this speed, even if they vote against that still gives the Republicans a majority.

Peter, both six years ago yesterday, 43 student teachers disappeared in Mexico on their way to a demonstration. Among the many Mexicans who disappeared, victims in the main of unknown attackers. Their memory has stayed particularly strong in the public consciousness.

The Mexican president, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, made this announcement say an arrest warrant has been issued against members of the military and they will be carried out.

How could that gang members and several police officers had already been detained. But this is the first time that arrest warrants have been issued for soldiers, family members of the victims of long accused politicians and members of the military of complicity in the crime. For more, I spoke to our Mexico correspondent Will Grant.

The accusation has long been from the victims families when it comes to the 43 disappeared students, teachers from Iguala in 2014 was that the military were clearly involved. They argue their lawyers argue the human rights groups who support them say the same thing. And there have been no cases of arrests or charges brought against anyone in the military and very few people even linked to the police, the local police who are also suggested to have been involved.

So it's an important step on that front, I think, because I think it's fair to say, isn't it, that we still don't know exactly what happened six years ago?

We don't on one level in the sense that there are conflicting arguments. But there was a pretty comprehensive human rights report put together by a team involving forensic scientists from Argentina that was, in essence, dismissed out of hand by the previous administration, Ventilla Pena Nieto, who went with their own argument that said this was sort of organized crime. And the suggestion from the victims families is that they were incinerated somehow. And the only way for that is to have been possible was at a military base nearby.

Now, of course, there are conflicting arguments. You're right. It is an extremely murky episode in recent Mexican history. But I think we can safely say that the official version has been discredited on a number of occasions by international groups who have come in to Mexico, both at the time and under the current president, Andres Manuel Lopez Obrador, who made it a campaign promise to reopen the investigation and look much more closely at what happened in the context of Mexico today.

Is this sort of announcement a risky one for the authorities here?

I think it's risky in the sense that Andres Manuel. Is Obrador is clearly trying to fulfill an election promise that he made to the members of the families of the 43, and he's trying to follow through on that, I think. But he does. I think you're right. Stand open to the accusation of politicizing the deaths of the 43. But I think if you were to stop most Mexicans in the street, they would feel that there has been some kind of cover up by the state and that that needs investigating and that if this president, unconventional, although he is has chosen to to do that, has chosen to sort of look at his predecessor and his administration, to look at the local police, to look at the military, then that is welcome.

So in that sense, I don't think it is risky politically for him at least will grant tougher action is needed to contain the spread of covid-19. That's the message from the Spanish government to the regional authorities in Madrid. The health minister, Salvador Illia, says a lockdown should be imposed on the whole city. He said the capital was facing a serious health crisis and it was time to act.

He repeated it into action. Let me read it. I get a picture of you. I want to repeat the call for the measures in Madrid to be reviewed, for science to be heard, to leave politics in the background, to put the health of citizens first. This is the position we're taking from the highest level of loyalty, the same as we've always had with Madrid and any other region.

Our Europe regional editor, Mike Saunders, tell me more.

It's pretty bad overall in Spain, there were 12000 plus new cases in the single day towards the tail end of last week. And the total is approaching fast. Nearly three quarters of a million cases and there have been more than 31000 deaths nationwide. Now, there are already partial lockdown going on in parts of Madrid. 37 zones were put under the partial lockdown. It means you can't go in or out of the zone unless you're going to school or to work or to go to a doctor's appointment or for some other legal obligation.

And that's being extended to another eight zones, mostly in the south of the capital on Monday. So they are taking some measures, but the central government says they're not enough.

And what sort of recourse is the central government have? I mean, they seem pretty upset there. Could they take over the Madrid region?

Its response? They could in theory, but it would be a kind of nuclear option. If you remember when Catalonia had its unilateral declaration of independence back in 2017, the central government did take power there. There's an article 155 of the Constitution which does allow the central government to take over the reins from an autonomous region if it's not fulfilling its constitutional responsibility or if what it's doing is in the overall bad interest of Spain as a whole. So it could do that, but it's very unlikely that there is a political dimension to this because the central government is a socialist, left leaning and the chair of the community of Madrid, Isabel Diaz, are you so is from the Popular Party, which are the People's Party, which is a conservative party, therefore the kind of natural adversary of the central government.

Meanwhile, police here in London have clashed with anti lockdown protesters marking six months since the coronavirus act gave the government powers to limit civil liberties. About 15000 people crammed into Trafalgar Square saying they withheld their consent to the restrictions when police moved in to disperse them. Some threw water and goaded officers to pick which side they were on. Sangeeta Misko reports.

Thousands of protesters arrived in Trafalgar Square holding flags, placards and signs denouncing the tightening of lockdown restrictions. Their motivation appeared mixed with some saying covid-19 was an international hoax, while others thought the government was fear mongering.

It's exploiting people's deep rooted and real fears about coronavirus. And I think the government aren't doing anything to kind of have a counter story to that. I think they could help with the confidence to address people's anxieties and give people more clear facts about the virus, but they're failing to do so.

I'm not saying that the coronavirus doesn't exist. What I'm saying is it's been blown out of proportion.

A few of those attending wore masks and within hours, the crowd became tightly packed together, prompting the Metropolitan Police to warn protesters that they had broken social distancing rules. They were told to disperse or face arrest.

When many refused to move, the police began to pen them in. That led to a minority throwing bottles at the police with some chanting Pick your side at officers. Scuffles then broke out with the police using batons to keep control. Protesters are not subject to the new rule of sex as long as organisers stick to a pre agreed risk assessment.

Sangeeta MISCA, a suspect in the knife attack in Paris on Friday, is reported to have told police he was angry that the satirical magazine Charlie Hebdo had republished controversial cartoons of the Prophet Mohammed. The 18 year old, who's from Pakistan, was arrested shortly after the attack, which took place outside Charlie Hebdo. Former offices to employees of a TV production company who work in the same building was seriously hurt, he Schofield reports from Paris, according to officials close to the investigation.

The suspect has told police that he wanted to harm Charlie Hebdo because of the magazine's decision earlier this month to reprint the controversial cartoons. That decision was made to mark the start of the trial of alleged associates of those who carried out the original Charlie Hebdo massacre five years ago. The suspect, who came to France from Pakistan three years ago, is said to have been under the impression that Charlie Hebdo still work from the same offices where the killings took place. In fact, their offices are in another highly protected location whose whereabouts are secret.

He checked out the spot in advance and presumed that his victims were on the staff of the magazine there in hospital. But their lives are not in danger. One former writer for Charlie Hebdo said it felt like they were living the same story over again.

He Scofield. Swiss voters go to the polls on Sunday in a vote some are calling the Swiss Brexit to decide whether to abandon their free movement of people agreement with the European Union. But that's not all they will be voting on. They have another decision to make on a controversial new hunting law aimed at controlling the growing number of wolves in the country. Less than 30 years ago, there were no wolves in Switzerland. Now there are an estimated eighty. Divided across eight packs are classed as a protected species.

Supporters of the new law say it will allow communities to better protect people and livestock, but opponents argue it is simply a license to kill.

Immagine, Fox reports. High in the Alps, a Swiss sheep farmer has made a grim discovery. One of his flock lies injured, its side torn open.

So I think I'm all for this.

This was clearly a wolf attack. We got word that a wolf had been seen around here and we came straight up. We really hope nothing had happened.

But look at this poor animal here. It's still alive, but it's been ripped out by a wolf. It's just so sad. The Wolf supporters should really see this.

Yesterday, the most we've heard what the wolves came back to Switzerland in 1995 after being hunted to extinction a century ago. Environmental groups say it's a sign nature is regaining its balance, but farmers are losing livestock. They want the right to hunt. The wolves, they say are responsible. Matthias Muller is a member of the Swiss People's Party, traditionally a friend to the farmers, but not this time. I think the farmers to exaggerate.

We're talking about 400 cases in a year. There's 250000 sheep that are brought on the Alps during the summer. They're left alone. There's no shepherd. There's no farmer who takes care. Just left alone out of this 250000 400 get taken by the wolf. But nobody talks about the 5000 that die falling down the rocks, getting injured.

They get struck by lightning, these animals on the property, on film, with their belt.

But the Swiss parliament has tried to find a compromise that keeps everyone happy, a new law that would allow the local authorities to kill individual wolves if they believe them to be an immediate danger to livestock or people. Swiss President Simonetta Somma Ruga is urging voters to support it.

It is not acceptable in which we're trying to be pragmatic with this new law. We want people and wolves to be able to coexist long term. This means in situations where the wolves begins to lose its natural shyness towards humans. The local authorities should be able to act similarly titled I Thought It Was Normal to Life.

But environmental and wildlife groups across Switzerland are not convinced. Matthias Muller says the new law will tip the balance of nature right back towards humans, the very species that caused the wolves extinction in the first place.

With the new law, you could preemptively kill wolves or lynx or beaver or whatever without them having done any damage. They say it's enough if an animal shows abnormal behavior. What is abnormal behavior for an animal with a wolf? What they say is like, oh, if it comes too close to humans. So if a wolf is sighted, he is not shy. That's not normal behavior. So let's kill him. He didn't do any damage.

And you just know what's going to happen as ever in Switzerland, the voters will have the final say. Sunday's referendum will decide who has the freedom to roam the Swiss Alps safely. Humans, sheep or the wolves living in these mountains as well. That report by immagine folks in Switzerland. Still to come here. Combating the restrictions of covid-19, a famous New York orchestral company, goes out and about in a pickup truck to find its audiences.

Lebanon's prime minister designate, Mustafa Adeeb, has given up his attempt to form a government and to step down appointed following last month's explosion that devastated central Beirut and killed at least 190 people. Mr. Adeeb spent weeks trying to persuade rival political factions to agree on his cabinet line up. The country is facing a dire economic crisis, and analysts say it desperately needs a government that can implement reforms.

On Saturday, Mr. Adeeb explained why he wouldn't be able to do that when I was sworn in as accurate as the efforts to form a government reach the final stages. I realized that the agreement, which based on I accepted this national mission during this difficult time of Lebanon's history, no longer exists. As well as that the government line up with the specifications that I've put have failed. I am keen on the national unity based on the Constitution and its credibility.

Therefore, I excuse myself from continuing the task of forming the government.

The BBC's Lina Hijab in Beirut told us more about what went wrong for Mr. Adeeb.

All his efforts were not met with any support from different factions, mainly the Shia factions here in Lebanon who are insisting to take the finance ministry under their own control. And Mr. Adeeb wanted to form a government of experts, a non-partisan government, a government that would be able to bring Lebanon out of the economic crisis that the country has been going on through for more than a year and only got worse after the explosion in Lebanon. I mean, look what's happened since the the protests took place in October.

A government was formed six months or a little bit more, and they didn't manage to do anything. Hassan Diyab had to resign then. Then Mustafa Adeeb is appointed. So everyone who really has interests in the country to like who is a real nationalist who wants to bring Lebanon back on its feet and bring Lebanon out of the economic crisis, won't trust the political factions who are only interested in their own interests. They're only defending themselves, their positions, their power, and they don't care at all about the country.

Leanness injured in Beirut. At least 15 civilians have been killed by unidentified gunmen in western Ethiopia. In what is the latest sign of growing instability, Ethiopia's human rights watchdog says it's deeply alarmed by the recent surge in attacks in the region near the border with Sudan. A few years ago, Ethiopia looked like a success story. Now, not so much with the attacks in such a remote region.

I asked our Africa regional editor, Will Ross, how much do we know about what happened?

Not an awful lot in terms of who carried out the attack and the nature of the attack. But the reports we're getting from this area of it's called metacarpal zone in Beni Shango goombahs. We're getting reports that the people who were targeted were largely from the horror angle ethnic groups. Now, there has been a series of attacks which are definitely ethnic based in this area. Earlier this month, 15 people killed in the same area and going back just over a year, more than 50.

And the authorities are very reluctant to really give specifics about what's been going on. So when one of the previous attacks happened, they simply referred to men in camouflage uniforms carrying out the attacks. But there have been accusations of ethnic militias being created as tensions between rival ethnic groups grow. And some of that appears to be because the horrors and the ago are not indigenous to this particular part of the country. And there have been accusations that they have been targeted and the authorities are kind of turning a blind eye to some of those attacks.

And they have, of course, also been reports of of attacks going the other way.

So it's been going on for some time now, whereas Nassan, a world famous cosmetics company, sound like an odd couple, but they've just hooked up in space.

It's a marriage of convenience. Estee Lauder is paying the agency 17500 dollars an hour to take photos of one of its products from the International Space Station. Our reporter Ellie Costello has more.

Estee Lauder is taking the time out of this world. Beauty to another level. The 10 bottles of advanced night repair are flying under a new NASA program launched last month, which devotes five percent of its space station activities to marketing focused projects. The US space agency is promoting the commercialization of the space station so that it can eventually redirect the money it spends in low earth orbit to future deep space at. Operation missions and returning to the moon at one half hour hour believe the bottles of serum will be photographed in the space station's observatory dome, which offers extraordinary views of Earth.

These photos will supposedly be used on Lauder's social media accounts once the bottles are back on Earth, State Order plans to offer one to the public. Professor Saadia Pekkanen is from the Space Policy and Research Center at the University of Washington.

So there's this whole idea that it's either been in space or it's somehow a space for an object that is supposed to help us with the commercialization of the space economy.

It's not the first time NASA has teamed up with a commercial partner. In 2001, Pizza Hut delivered a pizza to the International Space Station, and Russian cosmonauts have filmed products, the TV commercials and collected imagery for advertisements on the International Space Station. So could advertising soon take off in outer space?

For example, SpaceX, which has launched its darling satellites at this constellation of satellites it's going into low earth orbit, has really impeded the work of astronomers. So there has been a hue and cry within the within this community trying to figure out some ways as the technologies and the commerce proceed, how we can do it in a way that is beneficial and not harmful to other interests who may be there. So I think the same thing will probably apply to the idea of something emblazoned in our skies, the door.

So I can just imagine some sort of flag or banner proclaiming the importance of some product. That is a distinct possibility that may come about.

Sadia Pekkanen ending that report by Ali Costello. In New York City, officials have been stepping up measures against the coronavirus after recent infection spikes in some neighborhoods. Against this background, the future remains bleak for the thousands of musicians who call the city home. Six months after concert halls were ordered to close, many musicians still don't know when or how they can safely return to work. Faced with this uncertainty, one of New York's Best-Known groups has embarked on an alternative concert tour of the city.

Daniel Davis reports from Brooklyn. The New York Philharmonic Orchestra has been around for more than 178 years, making it the oldest such orchestra in America for the last 50 years, it's been based at the Lincoln Center on Manhattan's Upper West Side. The orchestra normally performs at the David Geffen Concert Hall, a state of the art building, which has almost 3000 seats. This is a very different sort of venue. It's a strange scene, a viola player and a violinist stood in front of the truck while the countertenor stands in the back of the pickup truck, all three of them addressed informally.

And they're all wearing masks, including the singing.

I'm a countertenor and I sing very high. So I hope that shocks you if you haven't heard one before. And and this is. Hello, my dear. Oh, my goodness. I'm Anthony Roth Costanzo and I'm an opera singer, but I'm also a producer who joined with the New York Philharmonic to create and produce the bandwagon. And what is the bandwagon? The bandwagon is a pickup truck that goes all around New York with different members of the New York Philharmonic playing 15 to 20 minute concerts.

And the goal of it is to connect with our audience in a new way. And people who aren't our audience, communities, neighborhoods, our neighbors all throughout New York, we want to meet them and we want to let them influence our music as well as bring what we do to them. He was standing just a moment ago in the back of the pickup truck. Where did that idea come from? Well, I always think that the constraints have to set us free.

And after living in quarantine for months and not having any live performance and doing all these virtual things which kept us connected, I was craving the communication with an audience and I thought, how can we do it safely? Well, we've got to be outside. We've got to be distance. We've got to be in small numbers. Let's get a pickup truck and go on the road. Oh, I'm one school. I play the violin. My name to play the viola.

How did you find the experience of playing outside? Well, first time doing this actually is my first real experience playing out outdoor. And I really love the experience, just like being close to them, to the audience and reaching out to a new audience and to play for people who don't get a chance to come to New York Philharmonic. Is this great opportunity to play for them? It's quite noisy, though. The background is quite noisy. That must make it difficult to concentrate.

It's okay. It's I think that's the point. It's a part of the city that's part of where we live. So we're kind of just comforted by those who are watching some stuff like that. I just feel like actually, you know, facing this open space gave me more freedom somehow in music. So I get a new experience when playing in this kind of open space. My name is Emma Bonomo. This is Eve, we just stumbled across that we were at the playground here and heard the music and came down.

And was it the first concert you've been to since the beginning of the pandemic? Oh, yes, it was.

That report by Daniel Davis in New York. And that's all from us for now. But there will be an updated version of the Global News podcast later. If you want to comment on this podcast or the topics covered in it, he can send us an email. The address is Global Podcast at BBC dot com. I'm James Copnall, studio manager is Simon None, the producers Liam McAffrey.

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