This is Keegan Michael Key. Welcome to Drafted. This podcast series follows eight players as they enter the 2020 NFL draft.

We go behind the scenes before, during and after one of the biggest days of their lives. And we relive every detail from the players perspective. Please join me on the first step in their journey to greatness. Welcome to Drafted. Listen to Drafted on the I Heart radio app Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts.

Hi, this is Hillary Clinton, host of the new podcast, You and Me both, there's a lot to be anxious and worried about right now, and it's made so much worse by the fact that we can't be together. So I find myself on the phone a lot, talking with friends, experts, really anyone who can help make some sense of these challenging times. These conversations have been a lifeline for me.

And now I hope they will be for you to please listen to you and me both on the I Heart radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. Hey, everybody, this is Chuck here on a Saturday. It's beautiful, it's sunny, it's actually rainy and cold, but maybe by the time this rolls around, it'll be beautiful and sunny. But I know on February 16th, 2016, it was not beautiful and sunny because we released an episode that has gone down and stuff.

You should know history as from our point of view, quite possibly the most boring, worst one.

So I thought I would pick this one and rerelease it into the world and just see if it's as bad as I thought it was. This is our very, very infamous episode on Jackhammers. Yes, we did an entire episode on jackhammers and here it is right now.

Welcome to Stuff You Should Know. A production of pilot radios HowStuffWorks. Hey, and welcome to the podcast, I'm Josh Clark. There's Charles W. Bryant and Jerry's over there, which means it's time for stuff you should know the jackhammer edition coming at you. That's right. The most annoying one of the most annoying sounds. And I know you hate the leaf blower. Yeah. Established, I think the jackhammer up there. Sure. Yeah. But we don't live in New York.

If we lived in New York, camera be number one. I feel like I've never stayed in a hotel in New York where there wasn't a jack way below me.

No, not even a chance every single time. A leaf blower.

It's a lot more frequent down here in Atlanta than jackhammered. Not a lot of leaf blowers in New York City. No, not a lot of leaves. Well, that's not necessarily true. None depends on where you are. Yeah. So we don't usually shout out a thank you at the beginning of an episode, but we got a couple of gifts that are so special. We want to do that. We do. So Peter O'Donnell and the gang at Built Sharp Knives, VLT Sharp at Philly.

Mom sent us, sent me a chef's knife. Yeah, I sent you a felony. Beautiful. And it's one of the most gorgeous pieces of, like, handmade craftsmanship I've ever seen. Yeah, it's amazing. I cannot wait to catch a fish. Oh, dude, I can't wait for that for you. Cut that thing open. Yeah. After that. Oh, really, you can't lop the head off while it's still alive? No, I think you're supposed to be supposed to hit it with a hammer.

Some people do. I do not. These things are gorgeous. I mean, the blade itself, I mean, they can make these to handle the weight. It's just it's a piece of art. And not only that, it is the sharpest thing I've ever seen in my life.

I know it's like dangerous, but I don't want to you know, it's dangerous. They're knives. They're supposed to be sharp. Yeah, but wielded with respect.

Well, yeah. Well, they're respectable knives. Yeah. You can actually go into Tumblr. You can just search hash tag knives.

You should know one word and it chronicles in pictures and short captions or brief captions. The process of them making or knives is awesome.

Yeah, it's just really neat. And I just love like handcrafting in forging steel like those are lost art in a lot of ways and they're doing it right and they're really beautiful. Cool man. So anyway, thank you for indulging. Yeah. Thank you guys. Yeah. Thanks. It was really cool.

So jackhammers. Yeah. Jackhammers, if they were sharp is built sharp knives they'd be on to something.

Well I don't know if it would work quite the same. Probably not. So yes, it's true.

We are actually talking about jackhammers and yes, it's true that jackhammers are about what you think they are, but they're also kind of interesting when you start to look into it. Right.

Oh, yeah. Well, yeah. So think about I didn't realize this this article points it out. A jackhammer is a hammer and a chisel. That's right. But it's a hard core hammer and chisel.

Yeah. And it takes out of the equation largely the human who's back and shoulder muscles have to be involved in every single strike of that hammer and chisel.

You're talking John Henry and the Sledge Hammer. Yes, exactly. Yeah.

Because prior to the advent of the jackhammer there, 1840 1850, by the turn of the last century, we had jackhammers kind of down pat. It was sledgehammers and pickaxes to remove rock. It was a real deal that was like it killed people. It literally could kill you with that kind of work. Yeah. I mean, mining is still a very dangerous job, but pre-industrial revolution mining was no fun and dangerous, deadly. And even if you didn't die, it's just brutal, brutal, backbreaking work, breaking work, slinging a sledgehammer.

Yeah. You ever slung a sledge? Sure. It's the worst. It's it's hard work. You ever used a jackhammer? No, I haven't. It's awful. Well, that's the thing. It's it's better than the sledge hammer. Er well in some ways but it's brutally difficult. It is.

It's probably one of the most brutal tools you can use on any kind of site. Yeah. And for any kind of project there aren't that many tools that they're going to take as much out of you as the jackhammer.

It's tough on your body. Yeah.

Because they weigh about 100 pounds like a normal heavy duty Jack Hammer weighs about 100 pounds. You have to hold it in place upright. Yeah. Because you don't want it jumping around, although it's probably not going to anyway. It's designed not to jump around. Right. But you still have to you want to kind of keep it in a fairly confined area, which means you're using your muscles to steady it. Yeah, well, it's going up and down at a very, very fast rate.

Some of those things impact with the ground 1000 to 4500 times a minute.

Yeah, yeah. It's tough. It's the only tool that and the hardwood floor skimmer, you know, like the orbital floor cleaner. Sure. You can use that, like put a sanding pad on a hardwood floor and that thing and the sledge hammer.

The only time I've ever used tools that I felt like work controlling me, not me, not controlling the tool I got until you get it. Once you get it, it's a little better. But at first, when you first start to use it, you can run a jackhammer, you know. Yeah, yeah.

I mean, if you want to bust up your driveway, you can go do it yourself. If you're a fool, make sure that you don't need the driveway anymore before you do that.

Yeah, yeah. But once you get the hang of it, you kind of can wield it a little bit. But it's tough. I mean, it's, it feels like I have no power or control over this thing. Right. I can imagine, you know, so it is a very difficult tool. But again, the alternative is. Early death and the other alternative, which is to call someone to do it for you, is the best option of the three, but so say that you are King Carlo Alberto of Sardinia and the years about 18, 30 something in 1840.

Yeah, and you want a train tunnel built through a mountain and the tunnel is going to need to be 12 kilometres long. You do call somebody else, but somebody else you call goes, I don't know what to tell you, buddy.

We could try pickaxes or whatever, but you're not still going to be alive by the time we finish. Yeah, what can we do? And actually, this call for a 12 kilometer long tunnel through a mountain in Sardinia prompted the early the early forays into developing pneumatic tools like a jackhammer.

Yeah. In 1848, a guy named Jonathan Couche built a what he called a percussion drill. And this had a bit that was it went through the piston of a steam engine. So it was piston driven. Right. Then contemporary Joseph Cao actually attached it to the piston. And then he started in 1851 using air, which is pneumatic right to power it. Yeah, but these were still attached to a piston. And it wasn't until 1895 with Charles Brady King when he actually is given credit for inventing that the traditional looking handheld modern jackhammering, modern pneumatic powered jackhammer.

Right.

And he gets a lot of credit for stuff that was already built. Like a lot of people say, he was actually the inventor of the automobile. No, he wasn't. Oh, well, he was the inventor of the gasoline powered automobile. No, he wasn't. He was the first guy in Detroit to build and driving around. Yeah. And he did end up inspiring and mentoring Ransome Olds and Henry Ford and some other early car manufacturers. Yeah.

And is almost single handedly responsible for making Detroit Motor City. Yeah.

This guy. But he also. Stanley Right. And what's wrong with a friedly I like that guy stuff. What do you mean. Then he get kicked out of kiss.

Oh I think he was sort of not invited back. Yeah. I think it's a money move. They don't have to pay the nameless other guitar player nearly as though he was the founder of the band, right?

Yeah.

How do you get kicked out like that for money? I think Paul Stanley and Gene Simmons probably own KISS Inc.. I know.

Anyway, Charles is Charles Brady King. He put Detroit on the map as far as auto manufacturing goes, and he did do a lot of refining of pneumatic tools, including the jackhammer. And he does hold the pattern. He did hold the patent for it.

Yeah. And he invented a lot of stuff. He was a sharp guy.

And the pneumatic the fact that it's pneumatic, which means air powered, compressed, air powered, is the reason why most jackhammers today are still compressed, air powered. It's because of the mining application of it. Yeah. Like when you mine, you're releasing a lot of potentially explosive gases. Yeah. And you can't have something like a steam engine that's combustion powered down there.

Yeah. Or you can't have an engine in there releasing exhaust and you can't have a jackhammer that will spark a rock.

Well that might happen no matter what. Right. Well no, that's I'm saying you can't have that among volatile gases. Right. So you air driven is the perfect key because it doesn't matter if that hose is a thousand feet long. Yeah. You're not going to lose power because it's going to be pressed.

Yeah, it's going to be compressed air up against compressed air. Yeah. And up in the surface you've got a diesel engine that's powering a piston just like in your car and the piston moves up and down the cylinder as it moves down, it compresses the air in the cylinder and pushes it down into a storage tank. Where it sits is compressed air and that's released out the other end through the hose. And it ends up into the jackhammering. Yeah, no matter how far away it is, it's still going to be just as powerful.

And that compressed air isn't flammable. So you can be a happy miner all the livelong day.

Well, buddy, you're getting excited. So that means you need to take a break and put this pill under your tongue. And we'll come back right after this. Her with the minor Brown is a weekly podcast brought to you by Cynical Women Podcast Network and I Heart Radio.

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Hi, I'm Sam Adams. And I'm Amy Nelson. We're the hosts of Eyharts newest podcast. What's her story with Sam and Amy? Amy and I met on a business trip three years ago. Since day one, we've talked about everything from growing our families to growing our companies. We've basically been in an endless conversation about how it all works and sometimes how it doesn't. We talk about the juggle of parenting and work and also about how we both want to make a lot of money, but also be the best moms possible.

We've also bonded over our love of women stories. We all know the stories of industry titans like business and jobs, but the stories of women remain incomplete. So we ask the questions that no one else even catches from closing deals while pregnant to winning Olympic medals while losing on pay equity to my personal favorite, falling in love with someone who's not your husband on a book tour. So listen to what's her story with Sam and Amy on the I Heart radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to podcasts.

How are you feeling now, relaxed? Good. I love the title of this next section, Air Power Destruction. Yeah, you can get an electric jackhammer if you've ever gone to a hardware store. They have these kind of smaller hand-held jackhammers that you can take up, like your bathroom floor tile pretty well with it. Plug it into the wall. Has a little chisel bit on the end of it, but that's small beans. You can't do a driveway.

No way. Or concrete or asphalt with something like that. Or a 12 kilometer tunnel through a mountain in Sardinia.

No, you need the big T shaped jackhammer. And here's one of the things that didn't really occur to me. One of the reasons it works so well is because it's so heavy. Right. It's not like they say, well, let's make this thing weigh fifteen pounds or twenty pounds to make it easier to run, which it probably could. Yeah. Maybe could do that, but it would jump all over the place. Yeah. You want that thing super, super heavy because that's part of the power and force behind it.

That's right. So these things are pneumatic. Right. And just like on the compressed air compressor up on the surface, when you're down in the mine, they actually have a jackhammer, has a piston in a piston and a cylinder in it. Right. OK, and it's actually a really kind of simple when you cut the thing open and draw a cross section of it, which we did. Yeah. On our hands for crib sheets, you you you can see that really the whole mechanism comes down to a trigger valve, right?

That's right. So what you have here is you got the pressure chamber, the compressed air enters that chamber. Yeah. Activates the trigger valve and it just because of the compressed air opens and shuts really fast. Right.

And so the trigger valve moves the air either above the piston or when it closes, the air goes down below the piston, which means Chesil goes up. Gisel goes down. Right. Because the piston is striking the top of that chisel bit, driving it downward when the compressed air comes in and pushes the piston down. And then when the valve closes and the air goes underneath the piston, there's also a spring in there that brings the drill bit back up because it wouldn't work very well if you knocked it down.

We they had to go down and reset it. And apparently the earliest the earliest jackhammered had that very design, that feature that was it like it go bam, and then you'd have to reset it bam and then reset it. And they're like, this isn't going to work. Yeah, that's sort of like the the pneumatic cattle punch that what's his face used in no country for old men. Yeah. One way it's exactly like that. Not very good if you're trying to bust up concrete, but good if you want to put a rod on a cow.

That's right. It doesn't stun them. It does the eternal stun. I think it stuns a cow and then they kill them.

Oh, I thought they put it into the brain to kill the cow.

Now, I don't think I actually I think it can and probably does sometimes. But I think the main purpose of it is to stone the cow. So it's not like it's just dazed and out of it when it when they kill it.

Oh, yeah. Yeah. Uh. Hydraulic jack hammers, it's the same jack camera would kill a cow, hydraulics, use fluid, same principle, right. But it doesn't use air. If you've ever seen the they have jackhammers you can that are really large that you can't handle as a person. But it's like attached to a backhoe or something. Right. That's for big, big jobs. And those are usually hydraulic and pneumatic. Right. But probably not every time.

I'm sure someone in the construction industry will correct me on that.

Well, I went and looked. And if you go on Alibaba, you know, this guy has everything and they have hydraulic jack cameras for sale. What's Alibaba that like?

It's like China's Amazon, but they sell everything on it. It's nothing like Sky Mall.

You think everything's like Sky Mall just because you want to go mall to come back? I sure do. But they it did seem like all of the backhoe attached jack hammers were hydraulic that I saw.

OK. All right. Well, here's what happens at a thousand to 4500 hits per minute, that chisel bit. And if you're breaking up rock different kinds of bits a bit. If you're breaking up like a driveway or something. Right. Is is really good. Or you can use a flat bit for other applications.

So, yeah, if you're breaking up a driveway and all you want is for the driveway to go, bye bye. Yeah. Yeah. The pointy bits, the one you want because it's not a controlled cut.

Right. The the, the like a flat head screwdriver style bit. Yeah. Is the kind that where you can really kind of control where the cracking goes.

Right. Or if you want to. Like I said, if you're taking up your floor tile and you have the handheld version, that's what you want to do. Scooted underneath. Yeah. The tile and chip it up.

And there's actually there's like some unseen mathematicians have actually like tried to figure out how you can predict how cracks propagate.

Oh really. Yeah. There's like for the most efficient jackhammering.

Pretty much. Wow. Like what bit will work best and like where to place it and how to how to use it. But one of the things that I didn't understand before is that when you are jackhammering you, you are creating different types of. Floors basically in this solid C concrete structure, right? Yeah, and when you're doing that, the first floor you're doing, the first floor you're creating is this kind of surface powder that the initial chips you're making are actually powder rising and and congealing around the drill bit.

Right. Right. And that powder actually transmits the impact of the jackhammer throughout the rest of the concrete pad in that immediate area. Yeah. And that actually starts to create cracks.

So you think, well, it's just the drill bit create and crack. It gets in there enough? Actually, no, it's generating like these different materials from the very concrete itself and it's using those materials to distribute the force and create cracks that ultimately start to spread and propagate. And as they spread and propagate, they get bigger and bigger and then a chip comes off. Yeah. And when the chip comes off, the amount of force that's generated in there goes down again and you have to build it back up by more jackhammering.

But eventually these larger cracks that you're making come together and the big chunks break off. Yeah. And then when a big chunk breaks off, you want somebody to come in and clear the chunks away while you move the jackhammer because you're just going to be breaking up those chunks. And that's not the point of a jackhammer anymore. Now, the point is you're trying to remove whatever material in as big a pieces is can be removed, you know. Right.

Like by like a backhoe with a bucket or something. Sure. You obviously can't be too big because you might have to break up into smaller bits. Right. You don't want a three million little tiny rocks at the end of it, but you're not breaking it into gravel. No. That machine to do that. Right. Um. Some of these things actually, when you create a crater, that's good, but you don't want your crater full of junk, so some of them actually have air or water, that blast the stuff clear as you're going, which is pretty neat, too.

Yeah, which is a it's a big that's an issue because the stuff that that dust that accumulates, that forms what's called the crust zone, that powder that distributes the force is actually can be a health hazard. And there's actually a lot of health hazards with jackhammers. And we'll talk about them right after this.

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All right, Josh, health hazards of jackhammering, um, the dust is no joke. Well, before we go to health hazards, let me say this. What you actually can be a health hazard. It can be dangerous when you get your bit stuck. And the general rule of thumb is you don't want to put the bit farther down. You want to keep going down farther than the length of the bit, because if you get your bit stuck there, it's really tough to get back out.

Yeah, and while it may give you a little break, your boss isn't going to be happy or if you're renting that thing by the hour at your house, you're not going to be happy.

Yeah, because you just used all the force of that compressed air to jam that that chisel bit several inches into concrete. Yes. It's not you need like King Arthur to get that out. Yeah. So move it around inches at a time so it doesn't go straight down into one spot. And you want a sharp bit as well. Obviously a drill bit is going to get stuck easier and it's not going to break up the material as well. Exactly.

And like you said at the beginning, that the jackhammer is one of the noisiest tools around. It's the worst it might be. The noise is, too. Jackhammers create a noise at about 130 decibels from what this article says. Yeah, that is the that is the sound of a jet engine taking off.

Yeah, that's how that's how loud those things are. And driving here. No joke. I passed a dude using a jackhammer and he wasn't wearing ear protection.

You know, I was just about to say is I bet you've never seen a jackhammer operator not use ear protection. I never have until today.

That's nuts. And then a weird coincidence. It is totally weird and like, just dumb. He's like, screw it.

I get health insurance. Uh, construction headphones are a must. Yeah. And because we were talking about how much it wears you out, if you're on a road crew, you're probably going to be rotating out jackhammer duty.

Yeah. It's not like Chuck, you're on the jackhammer for ten hours today for the rest of your life.

Yeah. Yeah. And it's a real thing. Like people who use jackhammers as their profession, they do face a lot of problems. That dust is, you know, I already mentioned that, but no good concrete has a silica and that's been proven to cause lung cancer. Yeah. And so a lot of these jackhammers will have like a water sprayer at the end of them that just constantly is introducing water that gets the dust on the ground and like a puddle.

All right.

And what's the different or the deal with this? I know you I didn't get a chance to look at it, but you sent a pretty interesting thing on the negative effects of vibration on the human body. Yeah, it's weird. What's the deal there? So vibrations are very odd. They used to belong in the realm of Eastern Europe behind the Iron Curtain. They did a lot of research in the effects of vibration on the body. Right. And it does everything from cause insomnia to digestive issues to motion sickness.

And this is bad vibration. I mean, there's also like good vibrations. There's also good, good, good vibration. There's no there's there's vibrations that that that that vibrate at a certain frequency, certain hertz. And I don't remember what it is, but it's like a low it's like a low frequency vibration. And there's there's something called whole whole body vibration, which apparently GM is dealing with the problem right now. They have like they're their largest. I guess maybe they're taho or something, but they're larger SUVs, they had to really strengthen the cage so that if it rolled over, it wouldn't crush the bottom of the truck, wouldn't crush the roof.

Yeah, but the thing is so rigid that when it goes that, like highway speeds vibrates at this this frequency, that's perfect and is giving the drivers motion sickness. Oh really? So, yeah, there's all this weird stuff that happens from vibrations and exposure to vibration. Wow. And so that's whole body. There's also hand arm vibration. And there's something called Raynaud's phenomenon. And it's basically like your hands being exposed to vibrations for that many hours out of a day.

And this can happen to if you're if you're working with like a gas powered weed whacker all the time. Right. But especially a jackhammer operator is going to run into this circulation, gets basically cut off from all the exposure and vibration in your fingers. And it can get so bad, especially when it's cold out, that they just turn white. It's called blanching. Wow. They lose sensation if you're lucky. If you're not lucky, there's a tremendous amount of pain in them.

You can't grip things. And if you're a jackhammer operator, that's a big problem because you need to be able to grip the jackhammer. Yeah, and I mean, weird psychological issues brought on from, like, fatigue. Yeah. And that constant noise, headaches and the insomnia that can all lead to, you know, you kind of losing it a little bit. Yeah. Yeah.

I never really thought about that. All of it put together. It's called vibration sickness. And we're only now just starting to like really understand it.

Uh, shrapnel is also a danger, of course. And these are you know, if you're on a construction site, you know, all this stuff.

But since you can go out and rent a full fledged jackhammer because you want to take out your driveway this weekend. Right. I think a lot of people go into it lightly. Like I've seen those things on the road. I can do that. Sure. Be careful. Like, don't do it in flip flops or tennis shoes. Oh, man. You know, get get your big, heavy hobnailed boot. Right. The great Larry Munson said, put those on, get your ear protection where eye protection wear long pants and you know, don't be a dummy.

Right. It all seems like basic safety issues. But yeah, I bet you there's been a dude with short pants and flip flops. So they tried to jackhammers something, check jackhammered right through his foot. It'll happen. Oh, the also important thing, too, if you're doing this at home and you don't like your sidewalk that leads to your house, get the electrical and gas companies out there. And I don't even think they charge for it or they might, but they'll they'll come out.

They were a little spray can and they will show you and draw paint on the ground where your gas lines in your power lines are. Yeah, because you do not want a jackhammer in either of those.

No, no, not fun. Be careful. Don't be a dummy. Well, that's our PSA, huh. Yeah. Jackhammers, the most interesting tool on the on the planet.

Oh, I actually got one more thing, believe it or not. What, uh, in 2000, because these things are so loud, you know. Yeah. Uh, the Department of Energy's Brookhaven National Laboratory released a helium jackhammer called the Raptor, the Raptor.

And it had some of these things come with rubber boots to try and soften the noise. Yeah, but I don't think they do a great job. Right. This thing actually lessen the noise to 87 decibels. It's like nothing. Nothing.

It's like how loud I'm talking right now. But apparently it never like, caught on. Then in 2011, another equipment maker had an electric model that said it's faster than pneumatic and it's only 100 decibels. And they have sold a few. But apparently, like breaking into the construction industry with a new type of tool. Right. Is super hard to do. I think in New York especially, they were very resistant. The unions were like, really won't work.

We're not using those that seems like where they should do it because I looked it up apparently. Sixty two percent of noise complaints. And from 2014 to 2015 in New York City, where jackhammers. Yeah, that's almost thirty four thousand complaints a year, jackhammering New York.

And supposedly you're not supposed to do it after six or before seven a.m. but they're they allow it in certain cases and they feel like that is like is all the case. It's stuck in a hotel nearby. Well, do it started five. That's all I got. If you want to know more about Jack Kamras, you can type that one word into the search bar at HowStuffWorks dot com. And since I said Jack Hammer, it's time for listener mail.

I'm going to call this cool program for kids in Austin, Texas. Oh, yeah, but you guys are doing well. I've been listening to the show for for some time. I'd like to thank you for giving me the edge on many debates and discussions. Uh, I live in Austin, Texas, and I'm writing they let you know about a program I recently started working for, but I think you'll appreciate. It's called totally cool. Totally Art, Tector.

It is free after school program designed to reach out to youths youth and give them some exposure to the arts. The class I teach is called the art of Machines, and we build various contraptions. Uh, we have sent you an example project which we call bugs that the students build in our class. Did we get this? We haven't gotten it yet.

I don't think I don't think I've seen this, Brian. So you started a while ago. Oh, he did. If you did, I don't know if we got it.

I don't know. We haven't got it. All right. So if it's recent, Brian, then it's on the way. If not, then send it again. That was one of a kind. I see what you think about as the prototype. I hope not. He said my dogs go crazy for these things. This is the actual twentieth anniversary of the program. We're trying to let people know about it so it can be around for another twenty years.

We also have other classes painting, film, fiber arts and photography. Anyway, I was just hoping maybe he'd give a quick shout out for a totally cool, totally art in Austin. It's so totally cool and you can just look that up on Google or go to H colon slash slash Austin, Texas dot job slash TCT. That's nice. That's a secure site.

Yeah, that's from Brian Freitag. And good work, buddy. And we're going to be in Austin for South by Southwest this year. Yeah. Do you know if they're if we're going to be selling tickets or if there's like a registry or what? I don't know. We'll find out and let everyone know. But I believe it's going to our deal with podcast go down Sunday night. Yeah. And but we're going to be around Cougar Town. Cool.

Look out for us Sunday night. OK. Indeed, if you want to get in touch with us, you can tweet to us. That's why Escape podcast, you can join us on Facebook dot com slash stuff. As you know, you can send us an email to Stuff podcast, that HowStuffWorks dot com. And as always, join us at our home on the web stuff you should know, Dot. Stuff you should know is a production of radios HowStuffWorks for more podcasts, my heart radio, the radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to your favorite shows.

Hi, I'm Kristen Holmes. I've covered campaigns, Capitol Hill, the White House and everything Washington for CNN. But nothing tops the importance of this upcoming election and my job is to help you make sense of it all. Welcome to Election 101. For the next 10 weeks, we'll figure out the electoral process together. I'll talk to experts, historians and some of you will address the safety of mail and voting, inform you of deadlines and make sure you know all your options.

You'll learn why voter registration is different from state to state and even from person to person. I'll help you figure out how to watch the debates a little more closely and how to get a better read on what the candidates really stand for. Yes, this election year is different and this is a different kind of podcast. Election one. One was created to help you learn how to make the most of your vote this November. Listen to election one to one every Wednesday on the I Heart radio app, Apple podcast, or wherever you get your podcasts.

Her with the Brown is a weekly podcast brought to you by Cynical Women Podcast Network and I Heart Radio.

I'm your host, Amena Brown, and each week I'm bringing you hilarious storytelling and soulful conversation centering the stories of black, indigenous, Latino and Asian women.

Her with Amina Brown, is a living room where I invite you to hear new perspectives, poetic readings of things you never thought could be poetic and celebrating. Women of color, who, because of their contributions to the world and their community, are deserving of a crown.

I'm really excited to bring women of color who are artists, authors, business women, inventors and leaders in every sector into our living room so we can learn from their expertise and have the honor of hearing their stories. Join me as we remind each other to access joy, affect change and be inspired. Listen to her with Amina Brown on the I Heart radio app, Apple podcast or wherever you get your podcast.