Amelie's Hugh and you're listening to Ted talks daily as we wrestle with a breathtakingly difficult moment in American history.

We're bringing back an archive talk from my friend Baratunde Thurston. In his talk from TED 2019, he breaks down the system of structural advantage that favors white people at the expense of people of color.

It's a powerful education and a call to action. If you were witnessing this moment in America's unfinished work on racial equality.

This talk will leave you smarter and better prepared to see the structures hurting so many people. Hi, I'm Sally Russian, while a host of a new podcast from Ted called PIN Up, every week you'll travel to a different location around the world, get lost in a new vibe and tap into a surprising idea.

Next up, we get into dinosaurs and deep time, all behind a hardware store in a very normal New Jersey suburb that's been dropped from Ted Chicot, pin drop on Apple podcast, Spotify, or wherever you listen.

My parents gave me an extraordinary name, Baratz, Sun Ra Fiqh. Thurston, now Baratunde is based on a Uraba name from Nigeria, but we're not Nigerian.

That's just how black my mama was. Get this boy the black his name possible. What does the book say? Rafiq is an Arabic name, but we are not Arabs. My mom just wanted me to have difficulty boarding planes in the 21st century.

She foresaw America's turn toward nativism. She was a black futurist. Thurston is a British name, but we are not British.

Shout out to the multigenerational, dehumanizing economic institution of American chattel slavery, though it's also thirst and makes for a great Starbucks name really expedites the process.

My mother was a Renaissance woman, our Juanita Lorraine Thurston was a computer programmer, former domestic worker, survivor of sexual assault, an artist and an activist, she prepared me for this world with lessons in black history and martial arts in urban farming. And then she sent me in the 7th grade to the private Sidwell Friends School, where U.S. presidents send their daughters and where she sent me.

Sidwell was a great place to learn the arts and the sciences, but also the art of living amongst whiteness that would prepare me for life later at Harvard or doing corporate consulting or for my jobs at The Daily Show and The Onion. I would write down many of these lessons in my memoir, How to Be Black, which, if you haven't read yet, makes you a racist because you've had plenty of time to read the book.

But America insists on reminding me and teaching me what it means to be black in America. It's December 2013. I'm with my fiancee in the suburbs of Wisconsin. We're visiting her parents, both of whom are white, which makes her white. That's how it works. I don't make the rules. She's had some drinks, so I drive us in her parents car and we get pulled over by the police. I'm scared I turn on the flashing lights to indicate compliance, I pull over slowly under the British street light I can find in case I need witnesses or dash cam footage.

We get out my ID, the car registration laid out in the open, rolled down the windows. My hands are placed on the steering wheel all before the officer exits the vehicle. This is how to stay alive. As we wait, I think about these headlines. Police shoot another unarmed black person, and I don't want to join them. The good news is our officer was friendly, she told us our tags were expired. So to all the white parents out there, if your child is involved with a person whose skin tone is rated Dwayne the Rock Johnson or darker.

You need to get that car inspected, update the paperwork every time we visit. That's just common courtesy. I got lucky, I got a law enforcement professional, I survived something that should not require survival.

And I think about this series of stories police shoot another unarmed black person. And that season, when those stories popped up everywhere, I would scroll through my feed and I would see a baby announcement photo. I'd see an ad for a product.

I had just whispered to a friend about yesterday, I would see a video of a police officer gunning down someone who looked just like me. And I'd see a think piece about how millennials have replaced sex with avocado toast.

It was a confusing time.

Those stories kept popping up.

But in twenty eighteen, those stories got changed out for different type of story stories like white woman calls cops on black woman waiting for an Uber. That was Brooklyn, Becky. Then there was a white woman calls police on eight year old black girl selling water. That was permit patte. Then there was a woman calls police on black family barbecuing at Lake in Oakland. That was the now infamous barbecue, Becky.

And I contend that these stories of living while black are actually progress, we used to find out after the extrajudicial police killings.

Now we're getting video of people calling 911 when we're moving upstream closer to the problem and closer to the solution.

So I started a collection of as many of these stories as I could find, I built an evolving, still growing database at Baratunde Dotcom, living while black, seeking understanding. I realized the process was really diagramming sentences to understand these headlines. And I want to thank my Sidwell English teacher, Erica Berry and all English teachers who have given us tools to fight for our own freedom.

What I found was a process to break down the headline and understand the consistent layers in each one, a subject takes an action against the target, engaged in some activity. So that white woman calls police on eight year old black girl is the same as white man calls police on black woman using neighborhood pool is the same as a woman calls cops on black Oregon lawmaker campaigning in her district.

They are the same. Diagramming the sentences allowed me to diagram the white supremacy, which allowed such sentences to be true, and I will pause to define my terms when I say white supremacy, I'm not just talking about Nazis or white power activists. And I'm definitely not saying that all white people are racists. What I'm referring to is a system of structural advantage that favors white people over others and social, economic and political arenas.

It's what Bryan Stevenson at the Equal Justice Initiative calls the narrative of racial difference, the story we told ourselves to justify slavery and Jim Crow and mass incarceration and beyond. So when I saw this pattern repeating, I got angry. But I also got inspired to create a game, a game of words that would allow me to transform this traumatic exposure into more of a healing experience. I'm going to talk to you through the game.

The first level is a training level, and I need your participation, our objective, to determine if this is real or fake. Did this happen or not? Here is the example. Catholic University law librarian calls police on student for being argumentative. Clap your hands if you think this is real.

Clap your hands if you think this is fake. The reals have it, unfortunately, and a point of information being argumentative in a law library is the exact right place to do that.

This student should be promoted to professor training level complete. So we move on to the real levels. Level one, our objective is simple. Reverse the roles. That means woman calls cops on black. Oregon lawmaker becomes black.

Oregon lawmaker calls cops on woman. That means white man calls police on black woman using neighborhood pool becomes black. Woman calls police on white men using neighborhood pool. How do you like them?

Reverse racist apples. That's it, level one complete, and so we level up to level two, where our objective is to increase the believability of the reversal.

Let's face it, a black woman call police in a white man using a pool isn't absurd enough. But what if that white man was trying to touch her hair without asking him?

Or maybe he was making oat milk while riding a unicycle. Or maybe he's just talking over everyone in a meeting. We've all been there, right? Seriously, we've all been there. So that's it. Level to complete.

But it comes with a warning. Simply reversing the flow of injustice is not justice. That is vengeance. That is not our mission. That's a different game.

So we level up to level three where the objective is to change the action.

Also known as calling the police is not your only option. OMG, what is wrong with you people?

And I need to pause the game to remind us of the structure. A subject takes an action against the target engaged in some activity. White woman calls police on black real estate investor inspecting his own property. California Safeway calls cops on black woman donating food to the Homeless Golf Club twice calls cops on black women for playing to slow.

In all these cases, the subject is usually white, the target is usually black, and the activities are anything from sitting in a Starbucks to using the wrong type of barbecue to knapping, to walking agitated on the way to work, which I just call walk into work.

And my personal favorite, not stopping his dog from humping her dog, which is clearly a case for dog police, not people, police, all of these activities add up to living. Our existence is being interpreted as crime. Now, this is the obligatory moment in the presentation where I have to say not everything is about race. Crime is a thing should be reported. But ask yourself, do we need armed men to show up and resolve this situation?

Because when they show up for me, it's different. We know that police officers use force more with black people than with white people, and we are learning the role of nine one one calls in this thanks to preliminary research from the Center for Policing Equity. We're learning that in some cities, most of the interaction between cops and citizens is due to 911 calls, not officer initiated stops. And most of the violence, the use of force by police on citizens is in response to those calls.

Further, when those officers are responding to calls use force, that increases in areas with a percentage of the white population has also increased, a.k.a. gentrification, a.k.a. unicycles and oat milk, a.k.a. when barbecue Becky feels threatened, she becomes a threat to me in my own neighborhood, which forces me and people like me to police ourselves. We quiet ourselves, we walk on eggshells.

We may be pull over to the side of the road under the brightest light we can find so that our murder might be caught cleanly on camera.

And we do this because we live in a system in which white people can too easily call on deadly force to ensure their comfort.

The California Safeway didn't just call cops on black woman donating food to homeless.

They ordered armed, unaccountable men upon her. They essentially called in a drone strike. This is weaponized discomfort. And it is not new. From 1877 to 1950, there were at least 40, 400 documented racial terror lynchings of black people in the United States. They had headlines as well.

Reverend t.A Allen was lynched in Hernando, Mississippi, for organizing local sharecroppers. Oliver Moore was lynched in Edgecombe County, North Carolina, for frightening a white girl. Nathan Byrd was lynched near Luling, Texas, for refusing to turn his son over to a mob.

We need to change the action, whether that action is Lynch's or calls police, and now that I have shortened the distance between those two, let's get back to our game, to our mission, our objective.

And level three is to change the action. So what if instead of calls, cops on black woman donated food to homeless, that California Safeway simply thanks her.

Thinking is far cheaper than bringing law enforcement to the scene or instead of, you know, they could give the food they would have wasted to her up their civic cred or the white woman who called the police on the eight year old black girl, she could have bought all the inventory from that little black girl, support a small business and the white woman to call the police and the black real estate investor.

We would all be better off. The cops agree, if she had simply ignored him and minded her own damn business.

Minding one's own damn business is an excellent choice. Excellent choice. Choose it more often. Level three is complete, but there is a final bonus level where the objective is inclusion. We have also seen headlines like this powerful man masturbates in front of young women visiting his office.

What an odd choice for powerful man to make so many other actions available to him, like such as listens to mentors inspired by starts joint venture, everybody rich.

Now, I want to live in that world of everybody rich now. But because of his poor choice, we are all in a poorer world. Doesn't have to be this way. This word game reminded me that there is a structure to white supremacy as there is to misogyny, as there is to all systemic abuses of power structure is what makes them systemic. I'm asking people here to see the structure where the power is in it, and even more importantly, to see the humanity of those of us made targets by this structure.

I am here because I was loved and invested in and protected and lucky because I went to the right schools. I'm semi famous, mostly happy, meditate twice a day. And yet I walk around in fear because I know that someone seeing me as a threat can become a threat to my life. And I am tired. I am tired of carrying this invisible burden of other people's fears, and many of us are, and we shouldn't have to because we can change this, because we can change the action which changes the story, which changes the system.

That allows those stories to happen, systems are just collective stories we all buy into. When we change them, we write a better reality for us all to be a part of. I am asking us to use our power to choose. I am asking us to level up. Thank you.

I am Baratunde Rafiq Thurston. PR ex.