Hey, and welcome to the short stuff, I'm Josh, there's Chuck. This is short stuff. Uh, let's go.

Hey ho. Let's go with the Hapsburgs has got to take two cabs.

Berg jor. Yeah, the Hapsburgs. Oh, man. I said it out loud until just now we're in big trouble. The Hapsburgs jaw.

I think the tendency is to want to say Hapsburg with a P.. But it's Hapsburg. Yeah.

With a B although in America we've added the P and it's just so prevalent now and we're America. That's what it is now. It's Hapsburg.

Yeah. With a B as in. Boy would you look at that jaw. Right. This is not to be confused. The Hapsburg job is not to be confused with the Helberg jaw, which is what happens when you walk into a Ellsburg diamond store. Your jaw hits the floor because the prices are so reasonable and really great jewelry.

Oh, man. If you don't get a kickback on that, I just see next time and you've got the big love hate diamond rings like Radio Raheem from Do the right thing.

I want a love hate Diamond Grill. Sweet. I wonder how that sound. Podcasting probably not. Great. Well, Helberg Diamonds, let's figure it out, you know.

All right, so who we're talking about are the Hapsburgs and they were a big ruling family and well, kind of all over the place in Europe at the peak of their fame, I guess, or the peak it their rule.

They had Austria, Hungary, Slovenia, Bohemia, Slovakia, Croatia and a little bit of Italy, Romania and Poland all under their purview.

Yeah, like not just their purview under the thumb, in their iron grip of this dynastic family that ruled these areas for hundreds of years.

Yeah, I mean, up until 1918, it took the First World War to break up the Hapsburg dynasty. Yeah, that's a long time. It really is, because they originally came to power, Chuck, and I think the 13th century in in Germany when a guy named Rudolph the first became the Roman German king, which is, you know, nothing to sneeze at for sure. But apparently he had a rival in nearby Austria in the form of Autocar Il Prem's.

Permissable, permissable. I'm going with premies. Yeah, it feels like there should be another vowel in there, but there's not so that Y is doing like double or triple duty right there, but it's working well anyway. We're going to call them Autocar. Autocar said, you know what, I don't really recognize you as the Roman German king. So we're going to be rivals, which really doesn't matter in this story beyond the fact that it drew Rudolph the first attention to Austria.

And so when Autocar was killed, he kind of moved in and set up shop and basically took over Austria.

Yeah. And so that's where they got their start.

And then for the next century, basically, they really did a lot of conquest in conquering and they took over Hado and they say something dumb and funny.

It's great. It's charming.

They took over the Tyrol, which is the place in the Alps that Austria and northern Italy shared in the 13 mid 13 hundreds. Yeah.

And and also Chuck, where Uzi lived and died thousands of years. Right. He was Tyrolean. And by the time the 1400's rolled around is when they were really rolling the Emperor Maximilian, I guess future emperor Mary Charles, the Bolds daughter Mary. And then all of a sudden they had control of Burgundy and also a little caché.

Yeah. From what I understand, like that was that was an enormous move. So they were making all sorts of moves, right? They were making moves, gaining and consolidating power through conquering, through marrying.

Well, just basically those two things. But it was working for them big time.

I bet there was one more thing. Let's see, how would you do that? You would conquer things. You would marry people, and then you would ascend, like be known for sending really great thank you notes as follow ups. Sure. That could that could definitely. When you some friends. Yeah. OK, that's what the third thing is.

So here's the deal with this Geor, because you saw the title of the episode and you've heard us say that a couple of times is they had a they had jaws that would make Jay Leno blush.

If you looked up some of these folks, Joseph the first, Charles one of Spain, Charles second, Leopold Willhelm, they had this very, very prominent lower jaw. And basically people got together and studied this over the years and will get a little bit more into why this happens. And they said we're just going to go ahead, name this the Hapsburg jaw, because it's so prevalent in this family line.

Yeah, and they did. That's why everybody calls it the Hapsburg jaw. And if you have never seen it before, you probably have and didn't really realize it. But if you haven't, either way, just go look up Hapsburg Jaw, HRB, SPQR jaw and it will bring up some old timey Middle Ages Renaissance era oil paintings. And you will see quite clearly what people are talking about when they say the Hapsburg jaw.

So if you haven't seen it before, it's just a very prominent lower jaw and there's an underbite and it's just it's very distinctive.

Yeah. And if you don't if you if you're driving or something right now and you can't look it up, you know, like the cartoonish characters of like the blue bloods who are like, oh, that's astounding.

Doing that face that the cartoon makes is they're drawn with the Hapsburg jaw. They're actually making fun of aristocrats as well. We'll see in a minute. And here's the thing.

We don't want to make fun of anyone that has something like this, but we were just trying to figure out a good way to describe it. It's a prominent lower jaw such that there's even an underbite.

Yeah, so, so. Well, let's take a break real quick and we'll come back and talk about it a little bit more, OK?

Yes, honey, stop the Joshua. What do Alexandria, Castillo, Cortez and Mark Zuckerberg have in common? I'm Sean Morrow and I'll tell you each of their stories on who is the podcast on the first season of Who is from Now? This and I Heart Radio. I explore power through the stories of those who have it, from Mitch McConnell to Nancy Pelosi to Mohammed bin Salman.

Now I'm back for season two, where I'll take you behind the scenes for The Real Story on Alexandria, Cassio Cortez, also singer Nikki Haley, Black Lives Matter, Jeff Bezos, George Soros and more.

Join me tomorrow, every Tuesday for who is the podcast.

Listen to who is the podcast. I mean, I heart radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you get your podcasts. What happens when two therapists walk into a podcast and then hold people accountable for their advice? Hey, I'm Guy Winch. I write the Dear Guy advice column for Ted.

And I'm Lori Gottlieb. I wrote the Dear Therapist Advice column for The Atlantic, and we're the host of a new podcast from My Heart radio called Dear Therapists.

One of the most frustrating things for us as advice columnist is that afterward no one gets to hear how the advice worked out.

But on our show, you will we guide people through a consultation and then have them come back to tell us what worked or didn't and what we can all learn from it.

And I'm glad in a way that it did happen this way because I've learned more about myself and what I will and won't stand for in relationship.

I don't want to lose sight of the negative feelings that I caused her.

I just hope that at some point you can forgive me if you would like to walk into a podcast, email us with your dilemma at Lorean guy. I hope media dot com.

Subscribe now and listen to Dear Therapist starting July 30th on Apple podcast, the I Heart Radio app, or wherever you get your podcasts.

All right, Chuck, so we're back and we were talking, kind of describing the Hapsburg jaw, there's actually a medical term for it because the Habsburgs aren't the only ones who have this jaw. And you can have it to varying degrees. But technically, it's called mandibular praag narcissism. And that is where the the lower jaw juts really far forward so that you have what you would colloquially, colloquially call an underbite. Right. But the with the Hapsburg jaw in particular, it's to such a degree that the teeth no longer even line up.

It's just really sticking out there. That's mandibular pragmatism. And then what they also figured out is that the Hapsburg also had something called mandibular deficiency, too, right?

Yeah. And that can affect your ability to eat, your ability to speak.

And, you know, I don't have anything to this degree. But, you know, you remember from bruxism, I've got a sort of an even body to my lower jaw sticks out a little bit.

I'm not I'm not Hapsburg in.

No, but I feel their pain with the Hapsburg jaw in particular. It's pronounced enough to degree that, like the musculoskeletal composition is, it's it's different. It's it's just a very prominent look, like you said. So what they figured out was that because of this and based on some documentary evidence to that, some Hapsburgs, at least I believe Charles the second the ruler of Spain, there's a contemporary account of him from the 18th century that basically said, like his jaw was so out of line, his teeth were so out of line because of this jaw he couldn't chew.

He had to swallow his food whole.

OK, can we just read this? It's OK. Yeah. This is from Spain under Charles the Second by Alexander Stanhope. It's Doug Stanhope's grandfather, Doug Stanhope, the scene of comedian.

That's right.

And he was speaking about Charles the second. He has a ravenous stomach and swallows all he eats whole for his nether jaws, stands so much out that his two rows of teeth cannot meet to compensate, which he has a prodigious wide throat so that it gizzard or liver of a hen passes down a hole in his weak stomach, not being able to digest it. He voids in the same manner.

So he's just pooping out whole chicken gizzards.

Gizzard in, gizzard out. Yeah, so that's the old statement. So when people started talking about the Hapsburg jaw, like, like it's because they figure it out over time, like this is a real thing. And it was very distinct for this family and it became a thing years ago. Centuries ago, people were aware of the Hapsburg jaw and in just remarked on it. But it wasn't until, I believe, the the 21st century that people started doing studies on it as best they could.

I guess you could say they're kind of made up studies in that there was no actual genetic testing to figure out what, you know, accounted for the Hapsburg jaw. But they were doing the best they could based on portraiture of prominent Hapsburgs and came up with some pretty interesting stuff.

Well, yeah, I mean that. I mean, do we need a drum roll here to say what's actually going on?

If you haven't figured it out by now, then I'm sure we'll give you a drumroll, Dave, where you put a drum roll and put it.

All righty. The Hapsburgs like to keep it in the family. And when we say keep it in the family, we mean really keep it in the family. This jar was a result pretty obviously, of inbreeding. Yes.

Which is not to say that anybody who has mandibular pragmatism today is the result of inbreeding. Of course not. Yeah, I mean, it's a recessive trait. And, you know, when people that aren't in the same family get together. You know, you're going to have those heterozygous genes and they're going to carry different traits, and that's all how it's supposed to work. But if you are in the same family, that may not be the case.

If you have homozygous alleles and get together with a family member and make another family member, they're going to have those same traits.

Right. Right. Because the chromosomes are going to be so similar that the chances of both parents having the recessive gene and donating that to the kid really increases the likelihood of that kid having that recessive trait. There's a guy that's quoted in this article. He's a geneticist named this guy's name is great Montgomery Slatkin. It's great. He he says that if you are a child of inbreeding, you have your chances are hundreds of thousands of times greater of receiving these recessive traits than of children of parents who aren't related in any way.

That's right. So that was it.

The Hapsburgs, they wanted to consolidate power. So much so that they just said you're marrying your sister, whether you like it or not, and that the son would say, butt down. And that's it for short stuff, everybody. Stuff you should know is a production of radios HowStuffWorks for more podcasts, My Heart Radio, is it the radio app, Apple podcasts or wherever you listen to your favorite shows?